Date :
13/04/2026
The "Grave Risk" Defence Under Article 13(b) of the Hague Child Abduction Convention: Standards, Burden of Proof, and Recent Trends
Article 13(b) of the Hague Convention provides the most frequently invoked defence against return orders in international child abduction cases. This article examines the application standards for the "grave risk" exception, the allocation of the burden of proof, the role of domestic violence allegations, and recent trends in international jurisprudence.